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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 5 Greater Common Good Greater Common Good According to a detailed study of the 54 Large Dams done by the Indian Institute of Public Administration, the average number of people displaced by a Large Dam is 44,182. Admittedly, 54 dams out of 3,300 is not a big enough sample. But since it's all we have, let's try and do some rough arithmetic. A first draft. To err on the side of caution, let's halve the number of people. Or, let's err on the side of abundant caution and take an average of just 10,000 people per Large Dam. It's an improbably low figure, I know, but... never mind. Whip out your calculators. 3,300 x 10,000 = 33 million. That's what it works out to. Thirty-three million people. Displaced by big dams alone in the last fifty years. What about those that have been displaced by the thousands of other Development Projects? At a private lecture, N. C. Saxena, Secretary to the Planning Commission, sa...

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 5 Scientific Method Limits of the Scientific Method  Before researchers become researchers they should become philosophers. They should consider what the human goal is, what it is that humanity should create. Doctors should first determine at the fundamental level what it is that human beings depend on for life.   In applying my theories to farming. I have been experimenting in growing my crops in various ways, always with the idea of developing a method close to nature. I have done this by whittling away unnecessary agricultural practices.   Modern scientific agriculture, on the other hand has no such vision. Research wanders about aimlessly, each researcher seeing just one part of the infinite array of natural factors which affect harvest yields.   Furthermore, these natural factors change from place to place and from year to year.  Even though it is the same quarter acre, the farmer mus...

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 3 Environmental Justice Environmental Justice What is Environmental Justice 1. When an explosion in the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in Bhopal, India, killed thousands of people on the night of December 2, 1984, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. When a reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine in the former Soviet Union exploded just two years later killing an undisclosed number of workers, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. So too when the world learned of the ecological and human cost of decades of petroleum-waste dumping in the Niger Delta by Royal Dutch Shell in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the attempt to privatize water in Bolivia by the Bechtel Corporation in the 1990s, the death of close to two thousand people in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, or even the horrific aftermath of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki six decades ea...

 HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 3 Endangered Species Endangered Species Yuval Noah Harart's Unstoppable Us: How Humans Took Over the World. One example of modern gatherers is the Nayaka people, who live in the jungles of southern India When a Nayaka comes across a dangerous animal such as a tiger, snake or elephant in the jungle the Nayaka might talk directly to the animal: "You live in the forest, and I live in the forest too. You came here to eat, and I came here to gather roots and tubers. I didn't come to hurt you, so please  don't hurt me."   A Nayaka was once killed by a male elephant they called 'the elephant who always walks alone People from the Indian government then came to capture the elephant, but the Nayaka refused to help the government officials. They explained that the elephant had a good reason to be violent: he used to have a very close friend, another male elephant, and the two always roamed the forest together. ...

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 2 The Greta Effect  The Greta Effect Greta Thunberg is an environmental activist. She was born in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2003. When she was eight, she started learning about climate change. The more she learned, the more baffled she became as to why so little was being done about it. At the age of 11, Greta became so sad about climate change that she temporarily stopped speaking! Greta has Asperger syndrome, a condition that affects how people socialise. But Greta views her condition as a positive, calling it her "superpower"! She says it helps her see the world in black and white, and that there are "no grey areas when it comes to climate change."  In August 2018, Greta decided to take action. Instead of going to school, she made a large sign that read 'Skolstrejk för Klimatet: SCHOOL STRIKE FOR CLIMATE', and calmly sat down outside the Swedish parliament. Her aim? To make politicians take notice and...

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 1 Environment and Nature Environment and Nature Water, water everywhere... Water, water, every where,  And all the boards did shrink;  Water, water, every where,   Nor any drop to drink.   Coleridge's poem, a ballad, narrates the harrowing sea-voyage of an old mariner who at one point of his journey didn't have any water to drink because of a curse. Not only the cursed mariner, we too know how important drinking water is in our life. We know we cannot survive without it. In fact, two-thirds of our body is made up of water. Not for nothing is it said that the other name of water is life. Is there a crisis in our time with regard to access to clean drinking water? The United Nations in a meeting on the eve of the new millennium identified the drinking water problem as one of the challenges for the future. Besides, we have worry in out the problem as ours is a land of rivers he we have plenty of rainfa...

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 11 Lesson 3 Stories From Gaza Stories From Gaza Mahmud Bala'wi, Born 1995  Ash Shati' Camp   I want to write the most beautiful words about Gaza but I can't. I can't not see the poverty, siege and famine, especially when all Gaza city flooded into Al-Areesh and emptied it from all goods in two hours. I can't not see the deprivation in every house, the fear and the sickness.   What do you want me to say about Gaza? From when I became aware of it, I was sad about everything inside it. Especially the kids and even the adults, youth, women, girls, animals, stones and trees, everything in it is crying... I'm looking for nice words to say and I can't find them.   The sea is the only thing that helps me dream. When I stand on the shore I can imagine Cyprus, travel to Paris, fly to Rome, all while standing in the same spot. I go around the whole world and in the end I land on my bed in our house, in the middle o...