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HSC English First Paper English For To

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 12 Lesson 3 Environmental Justice

Environmental Justice

What is Environmental Justice

1. When an explosion in the Union Carbide Chemical Plant in Bhopal, India, killed thousands of people on the night of December 2, 1984, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. When a reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the Ukraine in the former Soviet Union exploded just two years later killing an undisclosed number of workers, it was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster. So too when the world learned of the ecological and human cost of decades of petroleum-waste dumping in the Niger Delta by Royal Dutch Shell in the last quarter of the twentieth century, the attempt to privatize water in Bolivia by the Bechtel Corporation in the 1990s, the death of close to two thousand people in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina in 2005, or even the horrific aftermath of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki six decades earlier, each was regarded as a terrible but singular disaster.  

2. In fact, these and other similar environmental disasters are neither singular nor isolated. Rather, they are clearly interconnected; they are caused by human beings; and they disproportionately negatively impact poor people and women. That is what Environmental Justice as a movement understands. What is often regarded as a natural disaster is upon closer examination the result of sometimes shortsighted and other times reckless even pernicious corporate, governmental, or individual environmental practices that target and disadvantage vulnerable groups. 3. As a concept and a movement now global in scope, Environmental Justice holds that environmental burdens and benefits should be shared equally by all people. It recognizes that currently the negative impacts of ecological devastation, particularly the environmental harm and hazards created by overconsumption of resources in the global North and by elites worldwide, fall disproportionately on the world's Poor, the vast majority of whom are people of colur, especially women and children.

4. Simultaneously, the benefits of that overconsumption are enjoyed primarily by the privileged around the world, a fraction of the earth's population. Environmental Justice, commonly referred to as EJ, seeks to make these facts visible and to bring people together to work for positive change.  

5. Environmental Justice links two large, foundational bodies of modern thought and activist engagement. It yokes concern for the environment, including all life on the planet, to commitment to social justice: human equity in terms of race, gender, religion, nationality, and class. Environmental Justice bridges the gap between [the] two movements: environmentalism and human rights advocacy. It not only brings them together for positive change but also shows their inextricable connectedness.  

6. Environmental Justice therefore represents a new, important body of thought and action at the beginning of the twenty-first century, especially as people around the world face the realities of climate change, increasing toxicity, resource depletion, and the rapid disappearance of species and arable land on which the health of many human communities depends. Fundamental to both the concept of Environmental Justice and the activist EJ movement is the search for fair ways of sharing environmental burdens and benefits and collectively creating a future in which the dignity and rights of all people are respected.

āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°

āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻ•ি?

ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ē āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° ā§¨ āĻĄিāĻ¸েāĻŽ্āĻŦāĻ° āĻ°াāĻ¤ে, āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ­োāĻĒাāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻ¯়āĻ¨ āĻ•াāĻ°্āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻĄ āĻ•েāĻŽিāĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻŸে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻĢোāĻ°āĻŖে āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻ¨িāĻšāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ­āĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻš āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¯় āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻŦেāĻ• āĻ¸োāĻ­িāĻ¯়েāĻ¤ āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻ¯়āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ‰āĻ•্āĻ°েāĻ¨ে āĻšেāĻ°āĻ¨োāĻŦিāĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻĻ্āĻ¯ুā§ŽāĻ•েāĻ¨্āĻĻ্āĻ°ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ°িāĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻŸāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻĢোāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ…āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¤ āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯āĻ• āĻļ্āĻ°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻ¨িāĻšāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻāĻŸিāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻ­āĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻš āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¯় āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻŦিংāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤āĻ•েāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻ°āĻ¯়্āĻ¯াāĻ˛ āĻĄাāĻš āĻļেāĻ˛ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĄেāĻ˛্āĻŸা āĻ¨āĻĻীāĻ¤ে āĻ•āĻ¯়েāĻ• āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻĒেāĻŸ্āĻ°োāĻ˛িāĻ¯়াāĻŽ āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻĢেāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¯় āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻœাāĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻĒেāĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāĻ¨িāĻ° āĻĒেāĻŸ্āĻ°োāĻ˛িāĻ¯়াāĻŽ-āĻ¤āĻ°āĻ˛ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻœ্āĻ¯ āĻĄেāĻ˛্āĻŸা āĻ¨āĻĻীāĻ¤ে āĻĢেāĻ˛া, ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ļ āĻāĻ° āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ে āĻŦেāĻ–āĻŸেāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻĒোāĻ°েāĻļāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛িāĻ­িāĻ¯়াāĻ¯় āĻĒাāĻ¨ি āĻŦেāĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻ•āĻ°āĻŖেāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা, ā§¨ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻšাāĻ°িāĻ•েāĻ¨ āĻ•্āĻ¯াāĻŸāĻ°িāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ‰ āĻ…āĻ°āĻ˛িāĻ¨্āĻ¸ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻĻুāĻ‡ āĻšাāĻœাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ু, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি āĻ›āĻ¯় āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻ†āĻ—ে āĻšিāĻ°োāĻļিāĻŽা āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨াāĻ—াāĻ¸াāĻ•িāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŽাāĻŖāĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦোāĻŽা āĻĢেāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ­āĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻš āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŖāĻ¤িāĻ“ āĻ­āĻ¯়াāĻŦāĻš āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¯় āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛।  

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে, āĻāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¯়āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ•āĻ• āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻš্āĻ›িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¯়। āĻŦāĻ°ং, āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻˇ্āĻŸāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻ¤ঃāĻ¸ংāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤; āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¸ৃāĻˇ্āĻŸ; āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨াāĻ°ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¨েāĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāĻ˛ে। āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻ¯়āĻ°āĻ¨āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸাāĻ˛ āĻœাāĻ¸্āĻŸিāĻ¸ (āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°)-āĻāĻ° āĻāĻŸিāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻŽূāĻ˛ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻĒাāĻĻ্āĻ¯। āĻ¯েāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻ‡ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ•ৃāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻ¯োāĻ— āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻ¨িāĻ‡, āĻ¨িāĻŦিāĻĄ় āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŦেāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖে āĻ¤া āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻĻূāĻ°āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļী āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻেāĻŽাāĻেāĻ‡ āĻŦেāĻĒāĻ°োāĻ¯়া, āĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻ•ি āĻ…āĻļুāĻ­ āĻ•āĻ°্āĻĒোāĻ°েāĻŸ, āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ি āĻŦা āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ°ীāĻ¤িāĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ¸ৃāĻˇ্āĻŸ, āĻ¯া āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻুāĻ°্āĻŦāĻ˛ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—োāĻˇ্āĻ ীāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĢেāĻ˛ে āĻĻেāĻ¯়।

āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে, āĻ¯া āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়ে āĻŦিāĻ¸্āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤, āĻāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻ¯়āĻ°āĻ¨āĻŽেāĻ¨্āĻŸাāĻ˛ āĻœাāĻ¸্āĻŸিāĻ¸ (āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°) āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¯ে, āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĻাāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ­াāĻ—াāĻ­াāĻ—ি āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ‰āĻšিāĻ¤। āĻāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•াāĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে, āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ§্āĻŦংāĻ¸āĻ¯āĻœ্āĻžেāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻ¤ āĻŦৈāĻļ্āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻ—োāĻ˛াāĻ°্āĻ§ে āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻœুāĻĄ়ে āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœাāĻ¤āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°ে āĻ¸ৃāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻĻ, āĻ…āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻĻāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—োāĻˇ্āĻ ীāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ° āĻĒāĻĄ়āĻ›ে, āĻ¯াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻŦেāĻļিāĻ°āĻ­াāĻ—āĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖāĻ—োāĻˇ্āĻ ীāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ, āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¨াāĻ°ী āĻāĻŦং āĻļিāĻļু।

āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি, āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ°িāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇ āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ­োāĻ—ীāĻ°া āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ­োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ¸ংāĻ–্āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇুāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ…ংāĻļ। āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°, āĻ¯া āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¤ EJ āĻ¨াāĻŽে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšিāĻ¤, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻˇ্āĻŸāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¤ুāĻ˛ে āĻ§āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ†āĻš্āĻŦাāĻ¨ āĻœাāĻ¨াāĻ¯়।  

āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ°āĻĄ়, āĻ†āĻ§ুāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ§াāĻ°া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻ¸ংāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻŸি āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻŦেāĻ—āĻ•ে, āĻ¯া āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻœীāĻŦāĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¤āĻ°্āĻ­ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¸াāĻŽাāĻœিāĻ• āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻļ্āĻ°ুāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸ংāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে; āĻ¯া āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻœাāĻ¤ি, āĻ˛িāĻ™্āĻ—, āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽ, āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯়āĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻļ্āĻ°েāĻŖিāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤া। āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯েāĻ•াāĻ° āĻĢাঁāĻ•āĻŸি āĻĒূāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻāĻŸি āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‡āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻšāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻ¨া, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻŦিāĻš্āĻ›েāĻĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸ংāĻ¯ুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¤াāĻ“  āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻ¯় ।  

āĻ¸ুāĻ¤āĻ°াং, āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŦিংāĻļ āĻļāĻ¤াāĻŦ্āĻĻীāĻ° āĻļুāĻ°ুāĻ¤ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨, āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤্āĻŦāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ§াāĻ°া āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¨িāĻ§িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻŦিāĻļেāĻˇāĻ¤ āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻœুāĻĄ়ে āĻœāĻ˛āĻŦাāĻ¯়ু āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨, āĻŦিāĻˇাāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻ¤া āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āĻ§ি, āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāĻ° āĻš্āĻ°াāĻ¸, āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ৃāĻˇি āĻœāĻŽিāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻ°ুāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻ˛ুāĻĒ্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽুāĻ–োāĻŽুāĻ–ি āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ে। āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯়āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯় EJ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯়ে āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻĻাāĻ¯় āĻ“ āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻ­াāĻ—াāĻ­াāĻ—ি āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ• āĻ­āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ¯ā§Ž āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŽাāĻŖ, āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĻা āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽুāĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে। 

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