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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 9 Lesson 4 Sexual Harassment

 HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 9 Lesson 4 Sexual Harassment

Sexual Harassment in Public Place

Like many other South Asian countries, in Bangladesh, the gravity of sexual harassment in public space has been diluted and almost "normalised" through calling it 'eve-teasing' 'Eve teasing is just another term for sexual harassment in public space or street harassment in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. By using a benign word such as 'teasing' to express a behaviour that is grossly inappropriate, it reduces the extent of the action, therefore, we should use the word sexual harassment instead of 'eve-teasing' in order to address this deep-seated problem of our society. Although late, policymakers in Bangladesh are also finally realising that eve-teasing constitutes sexual harassment. There is no estimate on national prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh. However, Action Aid found, that 84% of women they surveyed (of 800 women and girls) in 2015 reported experiencing sexual harassment in the public. According to Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), a legal aid organisation, 108 women were sexually harassed in Bangladesh between January and October 2018, of which eight women attempted suicide, and seven men were murdered when they protested these harassments.

To allow social change regarding sexual harassment to take place in Bangladesh, it is imperative that we as a society listen more to the survivors, rather than blaming them. Starting from school level interventions, public and private stakeholders must immediately begin to reframe the messaging around socialization of boys and girls and stop the propagation of stereotypical mind-set from parents, teachers and community to their children.

Read the passage again answer the questions:  

(1)  What is "eve-teasing" in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries? 

Answer. "Eve-teasing" is a term used for sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries.  

(2) Why is the term "eve-teasing" problematic according to the passage? 

Answer. The term "eve-teasing" is problematic because it minimizes the seriousness of sexual harassment by using a more benign word like "teasing."   

(3) What percentage of women surveyed by Action Aid in 2015 reported experiencing  sexual harassment? 

Answer. According to Action Ald, 84% of women surveyed in 2015 reported experiencing sexual harassment in public spaces. 

(4) How many women were sexually harassed in Bangladesh between January and October 2018, according to Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK)? 

Answer. Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK) reported that 108 women were sexually harassed between January and October 2018, with eight attempting suicide and seven men being murdered for protesting the harassment.   

(5) What steps are suggested to address the issue of sexual harassment in Bangladesh?

Answer. To address the issue, the society needs to listen to survivors and reframe gender norms from an early age. It needs involvement from both public and private stakeholders.

(6) What is the local term for sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh?

Answer. The local term for sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh is "eve- teasing."  

 (7) How does using the term "éve-teasing" diminish the seriousness of the problem?

Answer. Using the term "eve-teasing" minimizes the seriousness of sexual harassment by framing it as a trivial act of teasing.  

(8) Why is it important to replace "eve-teasing" with the term "sexual harassment"?

Answer. Replacing "eve-teasing" with "sexual harassment" is crucial to properly address the gravity of the problem.  

(9) How prevalent is sexual harassment in public spaces, according to the Action Aid survey?  

Answer. Action Aid found that 84% of women surveyed in 2015 had experienced sexual harassment in public spaces.  

(10) What were the consequences for some women and men involved in incidents of sexual harassment in 2018?  

Answer. In 2018, eight women attempted suicide, and seven men were murdered for protesting against the harassment of women.  

(12) Why is there no national estimate for the prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh? 

Answer. There is no national estimate of the prevalence of sexual harassment in public spaces in Bangladesh due to limited data collection.   

(12) How did policymakers in Bangladesh start to view "eve-teasing" over time? 

Answer. Over time, policymakers in Bangladesh have recognized that "eve-teasing" is actually sexual harassment.  

(13) What role can schools play in addressing sexual harassment?  

Answer. Schools can play a role in addressing sexual harassment by intervening early and changing the way boys and girls are socialized.  

(14) Why is it important to change how boys and girls are socialized from an early age? 

Answer. Changing how boys and girls are socialized from an early age is essential to prevent the reinforcement of harmful gender stereotypes.  

(15) What mindset needs to be changed to effectively address sexual harassment? 

Answer. Society must stop propagating stereotypical mindsets and start promoting respect and equality to effectively address sexual harassment.  

জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানি

অন্যান্য দক্ষিণ এশীয় দেশের মতো বাংলাদেশেও জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানিকে ইভ-টিজিং' নামে অভিহিত করে সেটির গুরুত্বকে হালকা করে ফেলা হয়েছে এবং প্রায় “স্বাভাবিক” করে ফেলা হয়েছে। ‘ইভ-টিজিং' মূলত জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানি বা চলতি পথে হয়রানির ভিন্ন এক নাম, যা বাংলাদেশ এবং অন্যান্য দক্ষিণ এশীয় দেশে ব্যবহৃত হয়। একটি জঘন্য অনভিপ্রেত আচরণকে ‘টিজিং' (মজা করা)-এর মতো নিরীহ শব্দ দিয়ে প্রকাশ করলে সেটির গুরুত্বকে হ্রাস পায়, তাই আমাদের সমাজের এই গভীর সমস্যা মোকাবিলা করতে ‘ইভ-টিজিং' এর পরিবর্তে যৌন হয়রানি শব্দটি ব্যবহার করা উচিত।

ইতোমধ্যে অনেকটা দেরি হয়ে গেলেও, বাংলাদেশের নীতিনির্ধারকরা অবশেষে বুঝতে শুরু করেছেন যে ইভ-টিজিং যৌন হয়রানির অন্তর্ভুক্ত। বাংলাদেশে জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানির জাতীয় পরিসংখ্যান নেই। তবে অ্যাকশনএইড ২০১৫ সালে ৮০০ নারী ও কিশোরীকে নিয়ে পরিচালিত একটি সমীক্ষায় দেখেছে যে, ৮৪% নারী জনসমক্ষে যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হয়েছেন। একটি আইনি সহায়তা সংস্থা, আইন ও সালিশ কেন্দ্র (আঙ্ক) জানায় যে ২০১৮ সালের জানুয়ারি থেকে অক্টোবরের মধ্যে বাংলাদেশে ১০৮ জন নারী যৌন হয়রানির শিকার হয়েছেন, যার মধ্যে আটজন আত্মহত্যার চেষ্টা করেছেন এবং এই হয়রানির প্রতিবাদ করতে গিয়ে সাতজন পুরুষ লোক হত্যার শিকার হয়েছেন ।

বাংলাদেশে যৌন হয়রানির বিষয়ে সামাজিক পরিবর্তন আনতে হলে, এটি একান্ত প্রয়োজনীয় যে ভুক্তভোগীদেরকে দোষারোপ না করে বরং আমাদের পক্ষে সমাজের প্রেক্ষিত থেকে তাদের কথা আরও বেশি করে শোনা জরুরি। স্কুলের হস্তক্ষেপকারী পর্যায় থেকে শুরু করে, জনসাধারণ ও স্বতন্ত্র অংশীজনদের উচিত অবিলম্বে ছেলে-মেয়েদের সামাজীকিকরণ সম্পর্কিত বার্তা ঢেলে সাজানো শুরু করা এবং অভিভাবক, শিক্ষক ও কমিউনিটির পক্ষ থেকে শিশুদের মাঝে প্রচলিত মানসিকতার প্রচার-প্রসার বন্ধ করা।

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