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HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 9 Lesson 2 Adolescence

HSC English First Paper English For Today - Unit 9 Lesson 2 Adolescence

Adolescence and some (Related) problems in Bangladesh

Adolescents constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth. Adolescence is a period in life when transition from childhood to adulthood takes place and behaviours and life styles are shaped. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), adolescence is the period which shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives. There are more than 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh; 13.7 million of them are girls and 14.3 million boys.

The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterised by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalisation or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys. However, 33 percent of adolescent girls are married before the age of 15 and 60 percent become mothers by the age of 19, Research finds that adolescents with higher level of education and from more affluent families tend to marry at a later age. Boys, however, become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.

Answer the following questions.  

(1) How many adolescents are there in Bangladesh? How many of them are boys and how many of them are girls?  

Answer. There are more than 31 million adolescents in Bangladesh. Of them 13.7 million are girls and 14.3 million are boys.  

(2) Why are adolescents important for any nation?  

Answer. Adolescents are important for any nation because they constitute a nation's core resource for national renewal and growth.  

(3) How are the adolescent girls in Bangladesh marginalized?  

Answer. The adolescent girls in Bangladesh are marginalized in many phases of their life. They face disparity regarding health, education and economic opportunities.

(4) What is the transitional period from childhood to adulthood? How is this period identified?  

Answer. Adolescence is the transitional period from childhood to adulthood. This period is identified by change in behaviour patterns that shapes the life style of an adolescent.

(5) What does the unequal treatment of the adolescent girls lead to?

Answer. The unequal treatment of the adolescent girls leads to child marriage, marginalisation from health, education and economic opportunities, and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.  

(6) How is the situation of the adolescent girls of Bangladesh characterized? What does it lead to?  

Answer. The situation of adolescent girls in Bangladesh is characterized by inequality and subordination within the family and society. This inequality leads to widespread practice of child marriage, marginalization or exclusion from health, education and economic opportunities and vulnerability to violence and sexual abuse.

(7) What does WHO say about adolescence?  

Answer. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is an important period of human life. It shapes the future of girls' and boys' lives.  

(8) What is the early marriage scenario for the adolescent girls in Bangladesh? 

Answer. In Bangladesh, 33% of adolescent girls are married before 15 and 60% become mothers by 19.  

(9) What is the legal age of marriage for boys and girls in Bangladesh?  

Answer. In Bangladesh, the legal age of marriage is 18 for girls and 21 for boys.  

(10) When do the boys become ready for marriage?

Answer. Boys become ready for marriage only after several years of adolescence and young adulthood.

বাংলাদেশী কিশোরদের কিছু কৈশোর সম্পর্কিত সমস্যা

জাতীয় নবায়ন ও বৃদ্ধির জন্য একটি দেশের কিশোরেরা মূল সম্পদ গঠন করে। কৈশোর হল সেই সময় যখন জীবনে শৈশব থেকে প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক অবস্থায় রূপান্তর ঘটে এবং আচরণ ও জীবন শৈলী একটি নির্দিষ্ট আকৃতি পায়। বিশ্ব স্বাস্থ্য সংস্থা (ডব্লিউ এইচ ও) এর মতে, কৈশোর হল সেই সময় যা মেয়েদের এবং ছেলেদের ভবিষ্যত জীবন গঠন করে। বাংলাদেশে ৩১ মিলিয়নের বেশি কিশোর আছে যাদের মধ্যে ১৩.৭ মিলিয়ন মেয়ে ও ১৪.৩ মিলিয়ন ছেলে।

বাংলাদেশে কিশোর মেয়েদের অবস্থা তাদের পরিবার ও সমাজের মধ্যে বৈষম্য এবং অধীনতা দ্বারা চিহ্নিত করা হয়। এই বৈষম্য থেকে সৃষ্টি হয় ব্যাপকহারের বিস্তৃত বাল্যবিবাহ, স্বাস্থ্য, শিক্ষা ও অর্থনৈতিক সুযোগ হতে বঞ্চনা বা বিয়োজন এবং সহিংসতা ও যৌন নির্যাতন এর জন্য অরক্ষিত অবস্থা।

বাংলাদেশের বিয়ের আইনগত সঠিক বয়স মেয়েদের জন্য ১৮ এবং ছেলেদের জন্য ২১। তবে কিশোরীদের ৩৩ শতাংশ ১৫ বছরের আগেই বিয়ে দেওয়া হয় এবং তাদের ৬০ শতাংশ ১৯ বছর বয়সের মধ্যেই মা হয়ে যায়। গবেষণায় দেখা যায় যে, যেসব কিশোরেরা উচ্চতর স্তরের শিক্ষায় শিক্ষিত এবং অধিকতর সমৃদ্ধিশালী পরিবার থেকে এসেছে তারা একটু বেশি বয়সে বিয়ে করে তবে ছেলেরা শুধুমাত্র কৈশোর ও প্রাপ্তবয়স্ক অবস্থায় কয়েক বছর পার করার পর বিয়ের জন্য প্রস্তুত হয় ।

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