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HSC English First Paper English For Today Unit 4 Lesson 1

 HSC English First Paper English For Today Unit 4 Lesson 1

Nelson Mandela's statement at a trial in 1964

 “I am the First Accused, I hold a Bachelor's Degree in Arts and practised as an attorney in Johannesburg for a number of years in partnership with Oliver Tambo. I am a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and for inciting people to go on strike at the end of May 1961.

At the outset, I want to say that the suggestion made by the State in its opening that the struggle in South Africa is under the influence of foreigners or communists is wholly incorrect. I have done whatever I did, both as an individual and as a leader of my people, because of my experience in South Africa and my own proudly felt African background, and not because of what any outsider might have said. 

In my youth in the Transkei I listened to the elders of my tribe telling stories of the old days. Amongst the tales they related to me were those of wars fought by our ancestors in defence of the fatherland. The names of Dingane and Bambata, Hintsa, and Makana, Squngthi and Dalasile, Moshoeshoe and Sekhukhuni, were praised as the glory of the entire African nation. I hoped then that life might offer me the opportunity to serve my people and make my own humble contribution to freedom struggle. This is what has motivated me in all that I have done in relation to the charges made against me in this case. 


[...]

In the statement which I am about to make I shall correct certain false impressions which have been created by State witnesses. 


[....] 

The African National Congress was formed in 1912 to defend the rights of the African people which had been seriously curtailed by the South Africa Act, and which were then being threatened by the Native Land Act. For thirty-seven years - that is until 1949 - it adhered strictly to a constitutional struggle. It put forward demands and resolutions; it sent delegations to the Government in the belief that African grievances could be settled through peaceful discussion and that Africans could advance gradually to full political rights. 


[....]

Even after 1949. the ANC remained determined to avoid violence. At this time, however, there was a change from the strictly constitutional means of protest which had been employed in the past. The change was embodied in a decision which was taken to protest against apartheid legislation by peaceful, but unlawful demonstrations against certain laws. Pursuant to this policy the ANC launched the Defiance Campaign, in which I was placed in charge of volunteers. This campaign was based on the principles of passive resistance. More than 8,500 people defied apartheid laws and went to jail. Yet there was not a single instance of violence in the course of this campaign on the part of any defier. I and nineteen colleagues were convicted for the role which we played in organizing the campaign, but our Sentences were suspended mainly because the Judge found that discipline and non-violence had been stressed throughout.


[....]

Government has always sought to label all its opponents as communists. This allegation has been repeated in the present case, but as I will show, the ANC is not, and never has been, a communist organization. 

In 1960 there was the shooting at Sharpeville, which resulted in the proclamation of a state of emergency and the declaration of the ANC as an unlawful organization. My colleagues and I, after careful consideration, decided that we would not obey this decree. The African people were not part of the Government and did not make the laws by which they were governed. We believed in the words of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that 'the will of the people shall be the basis of authority of the Government,' and for us to accept the banning was equivalent to accepting the silencing of the Africans for all time. The ANC refused to dissolve, but instead went underground. 


[....]

Some of this may appear irrelevant to this trial. In fact, I believe none of it is irrelevant because it will, I hope, enable the Court to appreciate the attitude eventually adopted by the various persons and bodies concerned in the National Liberation Movement. When I went to jail in 1962, the dominant idea was that loss of life should be avoided. I now know that this was still so in 1963. 

J must return to June 1961. What were we, the leaders of our people, to do? Were we to give in to the show of force and the implied threat against future action, or were we to fight it and, if so, how? 

We had no doubt that we had to continue the fight. Anything else would have been abject surrender. Our problem was not whether to fight, but was how to continue the fight. We of the ANC had always stood for a non-racial democracy, and we shrank from any action which might drive the races further apart than they already were, But the hard facts were that fifty years of non-violence had brought the African people nothing but more and more repressive legislation, and fewer and fewer rights.


[....]

It is true, as I have already stated, that I have been influenced by Marxist thought. But this is also true of many of the leaders of the new independent States. Such widely different persons as Gandhi, Nehru, Nkrumah, and Nasser ail acknowledge this fact. We all accept the need for some form of socialism to enable our people to catch up with the advanced countries of this world and to overcome their legacy of extreme poverty. But this does not mean we are Marxists. 


[...] 

I have been influenced in my thinking by both West and East. All this has led me to feel that in my search for a political formula, { should be absolutely impartial and objective. 1 should tie myself to no particular system of society other than of socialism. [ must leave myself free to borrow the best from the West and from the East... 


[....]

Our fight is against real, and not imaginary, hardships or, to use the language of the State Prosecutor, ‘so-called hardships.’ Basically, we fight against two features which are the hallmarks of African life in South Africa and which are entrenched by legislation which we seek to have repealed. These features are poverty and lack of human dignity, and we do not need communists or so-called ‘agitators’ to teach us about these things. 


[....] 

The highest-paid and the most prosperous section of urban African life is Johannesburg. Yet their actual position is desperate. 


[...] 

Poverty goes hand in hand with malnutrition and disease. The incidence of malnutrition and deficiency diseases is very high amongst Africans. Tuberculosis, pellagra, kwashiorkor, gastro-enteritis, and scurvy bring death and destruction of health. The incidence of infant mortality is one of the highest in the world. [...] 


The complaint of Africans, however, is not only that they are poor and the whites are rich, but that the laws which are made by the whites are designed to preserve this situation. There are two ways to break out of poverty. The first is by formed education, and the second is by the worker acquiring a greater skill st his work and thus higher wages. As far as Africans are concerned, both these avenues of advancement are deliberately curtailed by legislation.

The present Government has always sought to hamper Africans in their search for education. One of their early acts, after coming into power, was to stop subsidies for African school feeding. Many African children who attended schools depended on this supplement to their diet. This was a cruel act. 

There is compulsory education for all white children at virtually no cost to their parents, be they rich or poor. Similar facilities are not provided for the African children, though there are some who receive such assistance. African children, however, generally have to pay more for their schooling than whites. According to figures quoted by the South African Institute of Race Relations in its 1963 journal, approximately 40 per cent of African children in the age group between seven to fourteen do not attend school. For those who do attend school, the standards are vastly different from those afforded to white children. 


[.....]

The Government often answers its critics by saying that Africans in South Africa are economically better off than the inhabitants of the other countries in Africa. I do not know whether this statement is true and doubt whether any comparison can be made without having regard to the cost-of-living index in such countries. But even if it is true, as far as the African people are concerned it is irrelevant. Our complaint is not that we are poor by comparison with people in other countries, but that we are poor by comparison with the white people in our own country, and that we are prevented by legislation from altering this imbalance. 

The lack of human dignity experienced by Africans is the direct result of the policy of white supremacy. White supremacy implies black inferiority, Legislation designed to preserve white supremacy entrenches this notion. 


[....] 

This then is what the ANC is fighting. Their struggle is a truly national one. It is a struggle of the African people, inspired by their own suffering and their own experience. It is a struggle for the right to live. 

During my lifetime I have dedicated myself to this struggle of the African people, I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die." , Nelson Mandela - April 20, 1964 ** 

** The selected excerpts of the long speech by Mandela is taken from an internet source: https://www.historyplace.com/speeches/mandela.htm. You may read the entire speech if you want.

Read the passage again answer the questions:  

(1)  What is Nelson Mandela's educational background and professional experience? 

Answer. Nelson Mandela holds a Bachelor's Degree in Arts and practiced as an attorney in Johannesburg in partnership with Oliver Tambo.  

(2) What is Mandela convicted of, and what is his current sentence?  

Answer. Mandela is a convicted prisoner serving five years for leaving the country without a permit and inciting people to go on strike.  

(3)  How does Mandela respond to the state's claim about foreign influence in the South African struggle?  

Answer. Mandela asserts that the state's claim that the struggle is influenced by foreigners or communists is wholly incorrect. He declares that his actions stem from his African background and personal experience.  

(4) What inspired Mandela during his youth in the Transkei?  

Answer. During his youth in the Transkei, Mandela was inspired by stories from the elders about ancestral wars fought in defense of the fatherland.  

(5)  What does Mandela intend to do in his statement regarding the accusations against him? 

Answer. Mandela plans to correct certain false impressions created by State witnesses in his statement.  

(6) What title does Nelson Mandela identify with at the beginning of his statement?

Answer. Mandela identifies himself as "the First Accused."  

(7)  What degree does Mandela hold, and where did he practice law? 

Answer. He holds a Bachelor's Degree in Arts and practiced law in Johannesburg. 

(8) For what offenses is Mandela currently imprisoned?  

Answer. Mandela is imprisoned for five years for leaving the country without a permit and inciting strikes.  

(9) How does Mandela view the state's allegation about external influences on the struggle? 

Answer. He claims the allegation that foreign influence affects the struggle is wholly incorrect. He asserts his actions come from his own experiences.  

(10) What experiences from his youth does Mandela reference as formative in his life?  

Answer. Mandela refers to listening to the elders tell stories of their ancestors and their struggles.

(11) Who are some of the historical figures Mandela mentions, and what do they symbolize for him? 

Answer. Historical figures like Dingane, Bambata, and Moshoeshoe symbolize the glory of the African nation and inspire Mandela's commitment to his people's freedom.

(12) What was Mandela's hope regarding his future contributions to his people?  

Answer. Mandela hoped to serve his people and contribute to their freedom struggle.  

(13) How does Mandela feel about the motivations behind his actions?  

Answer. He feels that his actions are motivated by his African background and personal experiences rather than external influences.  

(14) What does Mandela plan to address in his forthcoming statement? 

Answer. Mandela intends to correct false impressions created by State witnesses in his statement.  

(15) What sentiment does Mandela express about his identity and heritage in his introduction?

Answer. He expresses pride in his African heritage and identity, emphasizing it as a motivation for his actions.

(16) What was the primary purpose of forming the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912?

Answer. The primary purpose of forming the ANC in 1912 was to defend the rights of African people, which were being threatened by legislation like the South Africa Act and the Native Land Act.  

(17) How long did the ANC adhere to a constitutional struggle, and what was its belief during this time?

Answer. The ANC adhered to a constitutional struggle for thirty-seven, years. It believed that African grievances could be resolved through peaceful discussion and that Africans could gradually gain full political rights.  

(18) What significant change occurred in the ANC's approach to protest after 1949? 

Answer. After 1949, the ANC shifted from strictly constitutional means of protest to peaceful yet unlawful demonstrations against apartheid laws.  

(19) What was the Defiance Campaign, and what principles was it based on?  

Answer. The Defiance Campaign was a movement launched by the ANC based on the principles of passive resistance, where participants defied apartheid laws through non-violent means.  

(20) What was the outcome of the convictions for Mandela and his colleagues during the Defiance Campaign?

Answer. Mandela and nineteen colleagues were convicted for their roles in organizing the Defiance Campaign. But their sentences were suspended because the court acknowledged the emphasis on discipline and non-violence throughout the campaign.

(21) In what year was the African National Congress established? 

Answer. The African National Congress was established in 1912.  

(22) What rights were being threatened by the South Africa Act and the Native Land Act?

Answer. The rights of African people were being threatened by the South Africa Act and the Native Land Act.  

(23) Describe the ANC's approach to advocacy before 1949. 

Answer. Before 1949, the ANC strictly adhered to a constitutional struggle, putting forward demands and engaging in peaceful discussions.  

(24) What did the ANC believe regarding the resolution of African grievances? 

Answer. The ANC believed that African grievances could be settled through dialogue and that full political rights could be gradually achieved.  

(25) What led to the change in the ANC's methods of protest after 1949?  

Answer. The change in the ANC's methods of protest after 1949 was prompted by a decision to engage in peaceful but unlawful demonstrations against apartheid laws.  

(26) What principles guided the Defiance Campaign?  

Answer. The Defiance Campaign was guided by the principles of passive resistance.

(27) How many people participated in defying apartheid laws during the Defiance Campaign?  

Answer. More than 8,500 people participated in defying apartheid laws during the Defiance Campaign.  

(28) What was the nature of the convictions faced by Mandela and his colleagues? 

Answer. Mandela and his colleagues faced convictions for their roles in organizing the Defiance Campaign.  

(29) Why were Mandela and his colleagues' sentences suspended?  

Answer. Their sentences were suspended because the Judge recognized the emphasis on discipline and non-violence throughout the campaign.  

(30) What was the significance of non-violence in the ANC's approach during the Defiance Campaign?

Answer. Non-violence was significant in the ANC's approach as it underscored their commitment to peaceful protest and discipline, even in the face of repression.

(31) What was the government's historical stance toward its opponents, as mentioned by Mandela? 

Answer. The government had historically sought to label all its opponents as communists. It was a claim that Mandela asserted was untrue regarding the ANC.

(32) What significant event occurred in 1960, and what was its impact on the ANC?

Answer. In 1960, the shooting at Sharpeville led to a state of emergency and the ANC being declared an unlawful organization. 

(33) How did Mandela and his colleagues respond to the government's decree declaring the ANC unlawful? 

Answer. Mandela and his colleagues decided not to obey the decree. They believed it would silence the African people indefinitely.  

(34) What fundamental principle did the ANC believe regarding government authority? 

Answer. The ANC believed that the will of the people should be the basis of government authority, as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  

(35) How did Mandela describe the ANC's approach to the fight for freedom after the events of June 1961?

Answer. Mandela explained that the ANC was determined to continue the fight for freedom despite the threat of force. He emphasized that surrender was not an option.  

(36) How has the government historically portrayed its opponents?  

Answer. The government has historically sought to label all its opponents as communists.  

(37) What incident in 1960 led to a state of emergency in South Africa?  

Answer. The shooting at Sharpeville in 1960 led to the declaration of a state of emergency.  

(38) What decision did Mandela and his colleagues make regarding the government's proclamation against the ANC?  

Answer. Mandela and his colleagues chose not to obey the decree, believing it silenced the African people's voices.  

(39) What did the ANC believe about the relationship between the government and the African people?  

Answer. The ANC believed that African people were not part of the government and did not make the laws governing them.

(40) What was the ANC's stance on the concept of authority as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?  

Answer. The ANC supported the idea that the will of the people should be the basis of government authority.  

(41) Why did Mandela believe that all the information he shared was relevant to the trial? 

Answer. Mandela felt that his information was relevant as it would help the Court understand the attitudes of those involved in the National Liberation Movement.  

(42) What was the primary concern of the ANC leaders in June 1961 regarding their struggle?  

Answer. The primary concern of ANC leaders in June 1961 was how to continue the fight against oppression without succumbing to violence.  

(43) How did the ANC view its commitment to non-racial democracy in the face of oppression?

Answer. The ANC maintained a commitment to non-racial democracy but recognized that their actions needed to avoid further racial division.  

(44) What outcome did fifty years of non-violence yield for the African people, according to Mandela? 

Answer. According to Mandela, fifty years of non-violence resulted in more repressive legislation and fewer rights for African people.

(45) What was Mandela's ultimate conclusion regarding the necessity of fighting for freedom?

Answer. Mandela concluded that the fight for freedom was essential and surrender was not an acceptable option.  

(46) What ideology does Nelson Mandela acknowledge influencing him? 

Answer. Nelson Mandela acknowledges being influenced by Marxist thought, along with leaders like Gandhi and Nkrumah. However, he clarifies that this does not make him a Marxist.

(47) How does Mandela describe his approach to finding a political solution?  

Answer. Mandela aims to remain impartial and objective in his search for political solutions. He believes in borrowing the best ideas from both Western and Eastern systems.  

(48) What are the two main hardships Mandela states the African people are fighting against?  

Answer. The African people are fighting against poverty and a lack of human dignity. These hardships are entrenched by laws Mandela seeks to repeal.  

(49) What examples does Mandela give to highlight the impact of poverty on African communities?  

Answer. Mandela mentions diseases like tuberculosis and malnutrition as impacts of poverty. He also points to high infant mortality rates in African communities. 

(50) How does Mandela describe the government's actions toward African education? 

Answer. Mandela criticizes the government for curtailing African education. He cites the removal of school feeding subsidies as an example.  

(51) What political leaders does Mandela mention as having been influenced by Marxist thought?  

Answer. Mandela mentions Gandhi, Nehru, Nkrumah, and Nasser as leaders influenced by Marxist thought. They all believed in the need for socialism to overcome poverty.  

(52) Does Mandela consider himself a Marxist? Describe in two or more sentences.  

Answer. No, Mandela is not a Marxist despite being influenced by Marxist ideas. His decisions are based on his experiences in South Africa.  

(53) How does Mandela describe his political philosophy in terms of borrowing ideas from different systems?  

Answer. Mandela believes in borrowing the best ideas from both the West and East. He remains committed to a form of socialism for African progress.  

(54) What does Mandela say about the hardships faced by Africans in Johannesburg, despite being the most prosperous section?  

Answer. Even in Johannesburg, where some Africans are relatively prosperous, poverty remains extreme. Mandela says this prosperity is superficial and doesn't reflect the real situation.

(55) How does poverty manifest itself in African communities, according to Mandela?  

Answer. Poverty in African communities leads to malnutrition and poor living conditions. Mandela describes widespread disease and high death rates as consequences. 

(56) What diseases does Mandela mention as being prevalent among Africans due to poverty?  

Answer. Mandela lists diseases like tuberculosis, pellagra, and kwashiorkor. He ties these illnesses directly to malnutrition and poverty.  

(57) What does Mandela say about infant mortality rates among Africans?  

Answer. Infant mortality among Africans is alarmingly high, according to Mandela. He sees this as part of the larger issue of deprivation.  

(58) What is Mandela's critique of the laws made by the white government in South Africa?

Answer. Mandela criticizes the government's laws, which he says are designed to keep Africans in poverty. He believes the laws preserve wealth for whites while worsening African hardship.  

(59) According to Mandela, what are the two main ways out of poverty, and how are they obstructed for Africans?  

Answer. Mandela says the two paths out of poverty are education and better job skills. However, African advancement is blocked by discriminatory laws.  

(60) What example does Mandela provide to illustrate the government's efforts to hamper African education.

Answer. The government stopped subsidies for African school meals, making it harder for children to attend school. Mandela calls this a cruel policy that harmed African students.

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āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ— āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻ¨াāĻ¤āĻ• āĻĄিāĻ—্āĻ°ি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি āĻāĻŦং āĻ•āĻ¯়েāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°ে āĻœোāĻšাāĻ¨েāĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻ—ে āĻ…āĻ˛িāĻ­াāĻ° āĻŸ্āĻ¯াāĻ™্āĻ•োāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻāĻ•āĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻŸāĻ°্āĻ¨ি āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻŽāĻ¤ি āĻ›াāĻĄ়া āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ‡āĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻŽে āĻŽাāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻļেāĻˇে āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻœāĻ¨āĻ•ে āĻ§āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ˜āĻŸে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ°োāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒাঁāĻš āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°াāĻĻāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ­োāĻ— āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ি। 

āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽেāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŦāĻ˛āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে, āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻŦোāĻ§āĻ¨ী āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯ে āĻ¯ে āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¯ে āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āĻŦা āĻ•āĻŽিāĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨, āĻ¤া āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ­ুāĻ˛। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি āĻ¤া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ—āĻ°্āĻŦāĻŦোāĻ§েāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি, āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦাāĻš্āĻ¯িāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ¨āĻ¯়, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ¤া āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ¯়িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি। 

āĻ¤āĻ°ুāĻŖ āĻŦāĻ¯়āĻ¸ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŸ্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¸āĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻž্āĻšāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ—োāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯়োāĻœ্āĻ¯েāĻˇ্āĻ āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ› āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒুāĻ°াāĻ¨ো āĻĻিāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻļুāĻ¨āĻ¤াāĻŽ। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻ¯ে āĻ—āĻ˛্āĻĒāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›িāĻ˛েāĻ¨, āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦāĻĒুāĻ°ুāĻˇāĻ°া āĻŽাāĻ¤ৃāĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ¯় āĻ¯ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻšিāĻ¨ী। āĻĄিāĻ¨āĻ—াāĻ¨ে, āĻŦাāĻŽ্āĻŦাāĻŸা, āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻŸāĻ¸া, āĻŽাāĻ•াāĻ¨া, āĻ¸্āĻ•ুংāĻĨি, āĻĄাāĻ˛াāĻ¸িāĻ˛, āĻŽোāĻļোāĻļো āĻ“ āĻ¸েāĻ•ুāĻ–ুāĻ¨ি āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨াāĻŽāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ—্āĻ° āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ—ৌāĻ°āĻŦāĻ—াāĻĨা āĻšিāĻ¸াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻļংāĻ¸িāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻļা āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤াāĻŽ āĻ¯ে āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻŦা āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ¨েāĻŦ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻŦিāĻ¨āĻŽ্āĻ° āĻ…āĻŦāĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻ–āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦ। āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ—āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ¯া āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি āĻ¤া āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻ‰āĻĻ্āĻŦুāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে।

āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¯ে āĻŦিāĻŦৃāĻ¤ি āĻĻিāĻ¤ে āĻ¯াāĻš্āĻ›ি, āĻ¤াāĻ¤ে āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻ•্āĻˇীāĻ°া āĻ¯ে āĻ­ুāĻ˛ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ¤ৈāĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে āĻ¤া āĻŦāĻĻāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻŦে।

āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ°āĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ ā§§ā§¯ā§§ā§¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻļāĻ¨াāĻ˛ āĻ•ংāĻ—্āĻ°েāĻ¸ (āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি) āĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¯া āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•া āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ—ুāĻ°ুāĻ¤āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸ংāĻ•ুāĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¯া āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻ¨েāĻŸিāĻ­ āĻ˛্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻĄ āĻ…্āĻ¯াāĻ•্āĻŸ-āĻāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•িāĻ° āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻĒāĻĄ়েāĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ¸াāĻ‡āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻ§āĻ°ে - āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨাā§Ž ā§§ā§¯ā§Ēā§¯ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ¨্āĻ¤ - āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻ•āĻ োāĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸াংāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¯়ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে। āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤াāĻŦāĻ¨া āĻ‰āĻĒāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻĒāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤; āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ¨িāĻ§িāĻĻāĻ˛ āĻĒাāĻ াāĻ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ে āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ¤োāĻˇāĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻļাāĻ¨্āĻ¤িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ˛োāĻšāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻ°া āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻ§ীāĻ°ে āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°āĻŦে। 

ā§§ā§¯ā§Ēā§¯ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°েāĻ“, āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻ¸āĻšিংāĻ¸āĻ¤া āĻāĻĄ়াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻৃāĻĸ় āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻœ্āĻž āĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯়ে, āĻ…āĻ¤ীāĻ¤েāĻ° āĻ•āĻ োāĻ° āĻ¸াংāĻŦিāĻ§াāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻ§āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻŸা āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ¸ে। āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤েāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŸি āĻŦোāĻা āĻ¯াāĻ¯়, āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻŦৈāĻˇāĻŽ্āĻ¯āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻļাāĻ¨্āĻ¤িāĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻŦে-āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ি, āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻŽে āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻĻ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨েāĻ¯়। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖে āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ°োāĻ§ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻļুāĻ°ু āĻ•āĻ°ে, āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¸্āĻŦেāĻš্āĻ›াāĻ¸েāĻŦāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ¯়িāĻ¤্āĻŦে āĻ›িāĻ˛াāĻŽ। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻŸি āĻ…āĻšিংāĻ¸ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻ°োāĻ§েāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤িāĻ¤ে āĻ—āĻĄ়ে āĻ“āĻ ে। ā§Ž,ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ-āĻāĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŽাāĻ¨ুāĻˇ āĻŦৈāĻˇāĻŽ্āĻ¯āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻ…āĻŽাāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻœেāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯়। āĻ¤āĻŦুāĻ“ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤িāĻŦাāĻĻāĻ•াāĻ°ীāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸিāĻ“ āĻ¸āĻšিংāĻ¸āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ˜āĻŸāĻ¨া āĻ˜āĻŸেāĻ¨ি। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻļ āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽীāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—āĻ āĻ•েāĻ° āĻĻাāĻ¯়িāĻ¤্āĻŦে āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻĻোāĻˇী āĻ¸াāĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¸্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ‡, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻļাāĻ¸্āĻ¤ি āĻ¸্āĻĨāĻ—িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖে āĻ¯ে, āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ°āĻ•েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ¯āĻŦেāĻ•্āĻˇāĻŖে āĻĒুāĻ°ো āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨āĻŸিāĻ¤ে āĻļৃāĻ™্āĻ–āĻ˛া āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻšিংāĻ¸াāĻ° āĻ¨ীāĻ¤ি āĻ•āĻ োāĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¸āĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›িāĻ˛।

āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŦিāĻ°োāĻ§ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•āĻŽিāĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻšিāĻš্āĻ¨িāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻāĻ¸েāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ‡ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻŽāĻ˛াāĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻĒুāĻ¨āĻ°াāĻŦৃāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ†āĻŽি āĻĻেāĻ–াāĻŦো āĻ¯ে āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻ•āĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“āĻ‡ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻ¸ংāĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ–āĻ¨āĻ“ āĻ¨েāĻ‡ ।ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻļাāĻĒāĻĄিāĻ˛ে āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻŦāĻ°্āĻˇāĻŖ āĻ˜āĻŸে, āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻœāĻ°ুāĻ°ি āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ…āĻŦৈāĻ§ āĻ¸ংāĻ—āĻ āĻ¨ āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖা āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻ¸āĻšāĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽীāĻ°া āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽি, āĻ—āĻ­ীāĻ° āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ°ে, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŽেāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ˛āĻŦ āĻ¨া āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨িāĻ‡। āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°ে āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ…ংāĻļীāĻĻাāĻ°িāĻ¤্āĻŦ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ°া āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻļাāĻ¸āĻ¨াāĻ§ীāĻ¨ āĻ¸েāĻŸি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¯়āĻ¨ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া। āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦাāĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ•্āĻ°াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦāĻœāĻ¨ীāĻ¨ āĻ˜োāĻˇāĻŖাāĻ° āĻŦাāĻŖীāĻ¤ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤াāĻŽ āĻ¯ে, 'āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ‡āĻš্āĻ›াāĻ‡ āĻšāĻŦে āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°্āĻ¤ৃāĻ¤্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ­িāĻ¤্āĻ¤ি,' āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨িāĻˇেāĻ§াāĻœ্āĻžা āĻŽেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨েāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¯়ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĻāĻŽিāĻ¯়ে āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŸি āĻŽেāĻ¨ে āĻ¨েāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¤ুāĻ˛্āĻ¯। āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻŦিāĻ˛ুāĻĒ্āĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻ…āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›িāĻ˛, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ—োāĻĒāĻ¨ে āĻ•াāĻœ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।

āĻāĻ° āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻšাāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•্āĻ°িāĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻĨে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•āĻšীāĻ¨ āĻŦāĻ˛ে āĻŽāĻ¨ে āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ে। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•āĻšীāĻ¨ āĻ¨āĻ¯়, āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻļা āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻāĻŸি āĻ†āĻĻাāĻ˛āĻ¤āĻ•ে āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ†āĻ¨্āĻĻোāĻ˛āĻ¨ে āĻœāĻĄ়িāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ“ āĻ¸ংāĻ—āĻ āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ—ৃāĻšীāĻ¤ āĻŽāĻ¨োāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ•ে āĻŦুāĻāĻ¤ে āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে। āĻ¯āĻ–āĻ¨ ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§¨ āĻ¸াāĻ˛ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ•াāĻ°াāĻ—াāĻ°ে āĻ¯াāĻ‡, āĻ¤āĻ–āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖāĻšাāĻ¨ি āĻāĻĄ়াāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻāĻ–āĻ¨ āĻœাāĻ¨ি āĻ¯ে, ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Š āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ“ āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖা āĻŸিāĻ•ে āĻ›িāĻ˛। āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§§ āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻœুāĻ¨ āĻŽাāĻ¸ে āĻĢিāĻ°ে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া, āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¨েāĻ¤াā§ąা, āĻ•ী āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ? 

āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ•ি āĻļāĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻĢāĻ˛ে āĻ­āĻŦিāĻˇ্āĻ¯āĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœāĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽāĻ•ে āĻ¯েāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻšুāĻŽāĻ•ি āĻšিāĻ¸েāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–িāĻ¯়ে āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻŦে- āĻ¸েāĻŸিāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻŽāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĒāĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ, āĻ¨াāĻ•ি āĻāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°ি, āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ? āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻļ্āĻšিāĻ¤ āĻ›িāĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻŦিāĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া; āĻ†āĻ° āĻĨাāĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ“, āĻ¸েāĻŸি āĻšāĻ¤ো āĻ¨িঃāĻļāĻ°্āĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ¤্āĻŽāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ°্āĻĒāĻŖ। āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦ āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ¸িāĻĻ্āĻ§াāĻ¨্āĻ¤ āĻ¨েāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¨া, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻšাāĻ˛িāĻ¯়ে āĻ¯াāĻŦ āĻ¸েāĻŸিāĻ‡ āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¸্āĻ¯া। āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸িāĻ¤ে āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻŦāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻŦৈāĻˇāĻŽ্āĻ¯āĻŦিāĻšীāĻ¨ āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇে āĻ›িāĻ˛াāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒ āĻ¨িāĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ‡āĻ¨ি āĻ¯া āĻœাāĻ¤িāĻ—āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒāĻ°্āĻ•āĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻĻূāĻ°ে āĻ েāĻ˛ে āĻĻেāĻŦে। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻ•āĻ োāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦāĻ¤া āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ¯ে āĻĒāĻž্āĻšাāĻļ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ°েāĻ° āĻ…āĻšিংāĻ¸ āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖāĻ•ে āĻ•িāĻ›ুāĻ‡ āĻāĻ¨ে āĻĻেāĻ¯়āĻ¨ি, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĻāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻĒীāĻĄ়āĻ¨ āĻ†āĻ° āĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽāĻŦāĻ°্āĻ§āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻšাāĻ°াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে।

āĻāĻŸি āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻ—েāĻ“ āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›ি, āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻĻী āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ§াāĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻŸি āĻ¨āĻ¤ুāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ§ীāĻ¨ āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ° āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ¨েāĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ“ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯। āĻ‰āĻĻাāĻšāĻ°āĻŖāĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°ূāĻĒ, āĻĒāĻ°āĻ¸্āĻĒāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ¤্āĻŦ, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻ—াāĻ¨্āĻ§ী, āĻ¨েāĻšেāĻ°ু, āĻ¨āĻ•্āĻ°ুāĻŽাāĻš āĻāĻŦং āĻ¨াāĻ¸েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻŸি āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›েāĻ¨। āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛েāĻ‡ āĻ¸্āĻŦীāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ•āĻ°ি āĻ¯ে, āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ¤াāĻ˛ āĻŽেāĻ˛াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻāĻŦং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŦংāĻļাāĻ¨ুāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽিāĻ• āĻšāĻ°āĻŽ āĻĻাāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ°্āĻ¯āĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¤িāĻ•্āĻ°āĻŽ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ• āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœāĻ¤āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¨āĻ¯় āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻŽাāĻ°্āĻ•āĻ¸āĻŦাāĻĻী। 

āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻšিāĻ¨্āĻ¤াāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻŽি āĻĒāĻļ্āĻšিāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ­াāĻŦিāĻ¤ āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ি। āĻāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻ¸্āĻŽāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°িāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে āĻ¯ে, āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ°াāĻœāĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ• āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ§াāĻ¨ āĻ¸ূāĻ¤্āĻ°েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻ§াāĻ¨ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ•ে āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŖ āĻ¨িāĻ°āĻĒেāĻ•্āĻˇ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¨িāĻˇ্āĻ  āĻšāĻ¤ে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœেāĻ° āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻĻিāĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ° āĻŽাāĻে āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ•ে āĻ†āĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻĒাāĻ°ি āĻ¨া, āĻļুāĻ§ুāĻŽাāĻ¤্āĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœāĻ¤āĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¤ীāĻ¤। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ•ে āĻĒāĻļ্āĻšিāĻŽ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒূāĻ°্āĻŦ āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻ°্āĻŦোāĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻœ্āĻžাāĻ¨ āĻ—্āĻ°āĻšāĻŖেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ°াāĻ–āĻŦ....āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•āĻ˛্āĻĒিāĻ¤ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯় āĻ¨āĻ¯়, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ…āĻ¤ি āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻ¤āĻŦ, āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ•āĻˇ্āĻŸেāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ¨āĻ¯়, āĻ¯েāĻŽāĻ¨āĻŸি āĻ°াāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ°āĻĒāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸িāĻ•িāĻ‰āĻŸāĻ° āĻŦāĻ˛েāĻ›েāĻ¨,‘āĻ¤āĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻˇ্āĻŸ’- āĻ¸েāĻŸিāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ“ āĻ¨āĻ¯়। āĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ¤, āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡, āĻ¯া āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻŽূāĻ˛ āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ¯েāĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻŦাāĻ¤িāĻ˛ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšাāĻ‡ āĻ¸েāĻ‡āĻ¸āĻŦ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ¤া āĻĒ্āĻ°োāĻĨিāĻ¤। āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦৈāĻļিāĻˇ্āĻŸ্āĻ¯āĻ—ুāĻ˛ো āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻĻাāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻāĻŦং āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŽāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĻাāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯়āĻ—ুāĻ˛ি āĻļেāĻ–াāĻ¨োāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻ‰āĻ¨িāĻ¸্āĻŸ āĻŦা āĻ¤āĻĨাāĻ•āĻĨিāĻ¤ āĻ‰āĻˇ্āĻ•াāĻ¨ি āĻĻাāĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¯়োāĻœāĻ¨ āĻ¨েāĻ‡।


āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻļāĻšুāĻ°ে āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨ āĻ¯াāĻĒāĻ¨āĻ•াāĻ°ী āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻšেāĻ¯়ে āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŦেāĻ¤āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻĒ্āĻ¤ āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽৃāĻĻ্āĻ§িāĻļাāĻ˛ী āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻœোāĻšাāĻ¨েāĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ°্āĻ—ে āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ¤āĻŦুāĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ•ৃāĻ¤ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨা āĻļোāĻšāĻ¨ীāĻ¯়।


āĻĻাāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ°া āĻ…āĻĒুāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻāĻŦং āĻ°োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻšাāĻ¤ āĻ§āĻ°াāĻ§āĻ°ি āĻ•āĻ°ে āĻšāĻ˛ে। āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻ…āĻĒুāĻˇ্āĻŸি āĻāĻŦং āĻĒুāĻˇ্āĻŸিāĻšীāĻ¨āĻ¤া āĻœāĻ¨িāĻ¤ āĻ°োāĻ—েāĻ° āĻšাāĻ° āĻ–ুāĻŦāĻ‡ āĻŦেāĻļি। āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻˇ্āĻŽা, āĻĒেāĻ˛াāĻ—্āĻ°া, āĻ•োāĻ¯়াāĻļিāĻ“āĻ°āĻ•āĻ°, āĻ—্āĻ¯াāĻ¸্āĻŸ্āĻ°োāĻāĻ¨্āĻŸাāĻ°াāĻ‡āĻŸিāĻ¸ āĻāĻŦং āĻ­াāĻ°্āĻ¤ি āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻ° āĻ•াāĻ°āĻŖ āĻšāĻ¯়ে āĻĻাঁāĻĄ়াāĻ¯় āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸্āĻŦাāĻ¸্āĻĨ্āĻ¯āĻšাāĻ¨ী āĻ˜āĻŸাāĻ¯়। āĻļিāĻļু āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻšাāĻ°েāĻ° āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻŸি āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯āĻ¤āĻŽ āĻļীāĻ°্āĻˇāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ীāĻ¯় । 

āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨ে, āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻļুāĻ§ু āĻāĻŸা āĻ¨āĻ¯় āĻ¯ে āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ°া āĻĻāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ° āĻ†āĻ° āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ—āĻ°া āĻ§āĻ¨ী, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¯ে, āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ—āĻĻেāĻ° āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŖীāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨-āĻ•াāĻ¨ুāĻ¨āĻ‡ āĻāĻ‡ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻ¸্āĻĨিāĻ¤িāĻ•ে āĻŸিāĻ•িāĻ¯়ে āĻ°েāĻ–েāĻ›ে। āĻĻাāĻ°িāĻĻ্āĻ°্āĻ¯ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĻুāĻŸি āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯় āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽāĻŸি āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ†āĻ¨ুāĻˇ্āĻ াāĻ¨িāĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা, āĻāĻŦং āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ¤ীāĻ¯়āĻŸি āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ•āĻ°্āĻŽী āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ•াāĻœে āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇāĻ¤া āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻāĻŦং āĻĢāĻ˛āĻ¸্āĻŦāĻ°ূāĻĒ āĻ†āĻ°āĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻŽāĻœুāĻ°ি āĻĒাāĻ“āĻ¯়া। āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে, āĻāĻ‡ āĻ‰āĻ¨্āĻ¨āĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ­āĻ¯় āĻĒāĻĨāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ‡āĻš্āĻ›াāĻ•ৃāĻ¤āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ¸ীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। 

āĻŦāĻ°্āĻ¤āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨েāĻ° āĻĒāĻĨে āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়াāĻ° āĻšেāĻˇ্āĻŸা āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ে। āĻ•্āĻˇāĻŽāĻ¤াāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻ¸াāĻ° āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇেāĻĒ āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛āĻ—ুāĻ˛িāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ–াāĻĻ্āĻ¯ āĻ­āĻ°্āĻ¤ুāĻ•ি āĻŦāĻ¨্āĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°া। āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ• āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻļু āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¯েāĻ¤ āĻ¤াāĻ°া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ–াāĻĻ্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒূāĻ°āĻ•āĻŸিāĻ° āĻ“āĻĒāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻ­āĻ° āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤। āĻāĻŸি āĻ›িāĻ˛ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ¨িāĻ°্āĻŽāĻŽ āĻ•াāĻœ ।

āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ— āĻļিāĻļুāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻŦাāĻ§্āĻ¯āĻ¤াāĻŽূāĻ˛āĻ• āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇা āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় āĻŦিāĻ¨াāĻŽূāĻ˛্āĻ¯ে āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ• āĻ§āĻ¨ী āĻšোāĻ• āĻŦা āĻ—āĻ°ীāĻŦ। āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻāĻ•āĻ‡ āĻ¸ুāĻŦিāĻ§া āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻাāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯় āĻ¨া, āĻ¯āĻĻিāĻ“ āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ§āĻ°āĻ¨েāĻ° āĻ¸াāĻšাāĻ¯্āĻ¯ āĻĒেāĻ¯়ে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ¤āĻŦে āĻ¸াāĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে, āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĒāĻĄ়াāĻļোāĻ¨াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ—āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻŦেāĻļি āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨ āĻĒāĻ°িāĻļোāĻ§ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤ে āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ°েāĻ‡āĻ¸ āĻ°িāĻ˛েāĻļāĻ¨āĻ¸ āĻ‡āĻ¨āĻ¸্āĻŸিāĻŸিāĻ‰āĻŸেāĻ° ā§§ā§¯ā§Ŧā§Š āĻ¸াāĻ˛েāĻ° āĻœাāĻ°্āĻ¨াāĻ˛ে āĻ‰āĻ˛্āĻ˛েāĻ–িāĻ¤ āĻ¤āĻĨ্āĻ¯ āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻ¯াāĻ¯়ী, āĻ¸াāĻ¤ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻšৌāĻĻ্āĻĻ āĻŦāĻ›āĻ° āĻŦāĻ¯়āĻ¸ীāĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽāĻ§্āĻ¯ে āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯় ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻļāĻ¤াংāĻļ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻļিāĻļু āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻ¨া। āĻ¯াāĻ°া āĻ¸্āĻ•ুāĻ˛ে āĻ¯াāĻ¯়, āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻĻāĻ¤্āĻ¤ āĻļিāĻ•্āĻˇাāĻ° āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ— āĻļিāĻļুāĻĻেāĻ° āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ¨েāĻ•āĻŸাāĻ‡ āĻ­িāĻ¨্āĻ¨। 

āĻ¸āĻ°āĻ•াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¯়āĻ‡ āĻ¤াāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ˛োāĻšāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ‰āĻ¤্āĻ¤āĻ° āĻĻেāĻ¯় āĻ¯ে āĻĻāĻ•্āĻˇিāĻŖ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻ°া āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻŦাāĻ¸িāĻ¨্āĻĻাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ…āĻ°্āĻĨāĻ¨ৈāĻ¤িāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ­াāĻ˛ো āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸্āĻĨাāĻ¨ে āĻ°āĻ¯়েāĻ›ে। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻœাāĻ¨ি āĻ¨া āĻāĻ‡ āĻŦāĻ•্āĻ¤āĻŦ্āĻ¯ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻāĻŦং āĻ•োāĻ¨ো āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻ•āĻ°া āĻ¯াāĻ¯় āĻ•িāĻ¨া āĻ¤া āĻ¨িāĻ¯়ে āĻ¸āĻ¨্āĻĻেāĻš āĻ†āĻ›ে, āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¨া āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāĻ˛োāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻ¨āĻ¯াāĻ¤্āĻ°াāĻ° āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ¯় āĻ¸ূāĻšāĻ• āĻŦিāĻŦেāĻšāĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ¨েāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻ¯়। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু, āĻāĻŸি āĻ¯āĻĻি āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ“ āĻšāĻ¯়, āĻ¤āĻŦুāĻ“ āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨া āĻŸাāĻ¨া āĻ…āĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—িāĻ•। āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­িāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ†āĻŽāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ¨্āĻ¯াāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻ˛োāĻ•āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ—āĻ°ীāĻŦ āĻ¨āĻ‡, āĻŦāĻ°ং āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœ āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ° āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ—āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¤ুāĻ˛āĻ¨াāĻ¯় āĻ—āĻ°ীāĻŦ, āĻāĻŦং āĻāĻ‡ āĻ•্āĻˇেāĻ¤্āĻ°ে āĻ­াāĻ°āĻ¸াāĻŽ্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻ¨āĻ¤ে āĻ†āĻŽাāĻĻেāĻ°āĻ•ে āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ি āĻ‰āĻĒাāĻ¯়ে āĻŦাāĻ§া āĻĻেāĻ“āĻ¯়া āĻšāĻš্āĻ›ে। āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨āĻĻেāĻ° āĻŽাāĻ¨āĻŦিāĻ• āĻŽāĻ°্āĻ¯াāĻĻাāĻ° āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ—āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ†āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻŦাāĻĻী āĻ¨ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻˇ āĻĢāĻ˛াāĻĢāĻ˛। āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ†āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŽাāĻ¨ে āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ—āĻĻেāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§āĻŽāĻ¤্āĻŦ । āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ†āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯ āĻŦāĻœাāĻ¯় āĻ°াāĻ–াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¯ে āĻ†āĻ‡āĻ¨ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻŖāĻ¯়āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°া āĻšāĻ¯়েāĻ›ে, āĻ¤া āĻāĻ‡ āĻ§াāĻ°āĻŖাāĻ•েāĻ‡ āĻ¸ুāĻ¸ংāĻšāĻ¤ āĻ•āĻ°ে। 

āĻāĻŸিāĻ‡ āĻšāĻ˛ো āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻŦিāĻˇāĻ¯় āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻāĻāĻ¨āĻ¸ি āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ›ে। āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ āĻ¸āĻ¤্āĻ¯িāĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻœাāĻ¤ীāĻ¯় āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ। āĻāĻŸি 'āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ, āĻ¯া āĻ¤াāĻĻেāĻ° āĻ¨িāĻœāĻ¸্āĻŦ āĻ•āĻˇ্āĻŸ āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āĻ­িāĻœ্āĻžāĻ¤া āĻĻ্āĻŦাāĻ°া āĻ…āĻ¨ুāĻĒ্āĻ°াāĻŖিāĻ¤। āĻāĻŸি āĻŦেঁāĻšে āĻĨাāĻ•াāĻ° āĻ…āĻ§িāĻ•াāĻ°েāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽ । 

āĻ†āĻŽাāĻ° āĻœীāĻŦāĻĻ্āĻĻāĻļাāĻ¯় āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ†āĻĢ্āĻ°িāĻ•াāĻ¨ āĻœāĻ¨āĻ—āĻŖেāĻ° āĻāĻ‡ āĻ¸ংāĻ—্āĻ°াāĻŽেāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤ি āĻ¨িāĻœেāĻ•ে āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻ¸āĻ°্āĻ— āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻļ্āĻŦেāĻ¤াāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ†āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§ে āĻ˛āĻĄ়াāĻ‡ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি, āĻāĻŦং āĻ†āĻŽি āĻ•ৃāĻˇ্āĻŖাāĻ™্āĻ— āĻ†āĻ§িāĻĒāĻ¤্āĻ¯েāĻ° āĻŦিāĻ°ুāĻĻ্āĻ§েāĻ“ āĻ˛āĻĄ়েāĻ›ি। āĻ†āĻŽি āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ—āĻŖāĻ¤াāĻ¨্āĻ¤্āĻ°িāĻ• āĻāĻŦং āĻŽুāĻ•্āĻ¤ āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻœেāĻ° āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļāĻ•ে āĻ˛াāĻ˛āĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°েāĻ›ি āĻ¯েāĻ–াāĻ¨ে āĻ¸āĻ•āĻ˛ āĻŦ্āĻ¯āĻ•্āĻ¤ি āĻ¸āĻŽ্āĻĒ্āĻ°ীāĻ¤িāĻ° āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻāĻŦং āĻ¸āĻŽাāĻ¨ āĻ¸ুāĻ¯োāĻ— āĻ¨িāĻ¯়ে āĻāĻ•āĻ¸āĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻŦāĻ¸āĻŦাāĻ¸ āĻ•āĻ°āĻŦে। āĻāĻŸি āĻāĻŽāĻ¨ āĻāĻ•āĻŸি āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļ āĻ¯া āĻ…āĻ°্āĻœāĻ¨ āĻ•āĻ°াāĻ° āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¤্āĻ¯াāĻļাāĻ¤েāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŦেঁāĻšে āĻ†āĻ›ি। āĻ•িāĻ¨্āĻ¤ু āĻāĻŸিāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻŦাāĻ° āĻ¸েāĻ‡ āĻ†āĻĻāĻ°্āĻļ āĻ¯াāĻ° āĻœāĻ¨্āĻ¯ āĻ†āĻŽি āĻŽৃāĻ¤্āĻ¯ুāĻŦāĻ°āĻŖ āĻ•āĻ°āĻ¤েāĻ“ āĻĒ্āĻ°āĻ¸্āĻ¤ুāĻ¤ āĻ†āĻ›ি।

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