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SSC English First Paper Unit-2 Lesson-3 Mans and Climate

Difference between gerund and participle

 Difference between gerund and participle



English Grammar Series- Gerund

English Writing Proficiency Development. Dr Maleka University College, āĻĄāĻ•্āϟāϰ āĻŽাāϞিāĻ•া āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝাāϞāϝ় āĻ•āϞেāϜ āϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āĻĄি āĻĸাāĻ•া āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“।

participle āĻāĻŦং gerund āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ

āφāϜāĻ•েāϰ āφāϞোāϚāύাāϰ āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦিāύ্āĻĻু āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āχংāϰেāϜিāϤে participle āĻāĻŦং gerund āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϏāĻšāϜে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦোāĻা āϝাāϝ়?


āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽেāχ Participle āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ•ি āĻāĻŦং āϏেāύ্āϟেāύ্āϏে āĻāϰা āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰে āĻāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧে āϏংāĻ•্āώেāĻĒে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি। āφāĻļাāĻ•āϰি āĻĒুāϰো āφāϞোāϚāύাāϰ āϏাāĻĨেāχ āφāĻĒāύাāϰা āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦেāύ। āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“āϤে āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ­াāĻŦে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়েāĻ›ে āĻāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•ে। āφāĻļাāĻ•āϰি āĻ­িāĻĄিāĻ“āϟি āφāĻĒāύাāϰা āĻĻেāĻ–āĻŦেāύ।


āφāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻĻি Participle āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŦāύ্āϧে āĻ­াāϞ āĻ•āϰে āĻŦুāĻāϤে āϚাāχ āϤাāĻšāϞে āϏāĻŦাāϰ āφāĻ—ে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϜাāύāϤে āĻšāĻŦে Non-finite Verb āĻ•ি āĻāĻŦং āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāĻļিāώ্āϟ্āϝ āĻ•ি। 


āĻ•োāύ āϏেāύ্āϟেāύ্āϏ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϞে Verb āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϝ়োāϜāύীāϝ় āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻĒাāϰ্āϟāϏ āĻ…āĻĢ āϏ্āĻĒিāϚ। āφāĻŦাāϰ āĻ­াāϰ āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ­েāĻĻ āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে: āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে finite Verb āĻ…āĻĒāϰāϟি āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে Non-finite Verb. āϝে Verb āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāϰূāĻĒে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা āϤাāĻ•ে Non-finite Verb āĻŦāϞে āĻŦা āĻŦাংāϞাāϝ় āĻ…āϏāĻŽাāĻĒিāĻ•া āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻŦāϞে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:


I want to go to school.
He doesn't want to eat the mangoes.
I saw her reading a novel.


āωāĻĒāϰে to go, to eat, reading āĻāχāĻ—ুāϞো āĻāĻ• āϧāϰāύেāϰ Verb āϝাāĻ•ে āφāĻŽāϰা Non-finite Verb āĻŦāϞি। āĻāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āύাāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে, āĻāχ Verb āĻ—ুāϞো āϝেāϤে, āĻ–েāϤে, āĻĒāĻĄ়āϤে, āĻāχ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়া āĻšিāϏাāĻŦে āĻŦা āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āύা। āĻāχāϜāύ্āϝ āĻāχ Verb āĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে non-finite Verb āĻŦāϞে।


Non-finite Verb āϤিāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
1. Infinitive.
2. Participle.
3. Gerund.


1) Infinitive āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে: 

āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰা Verb āĻāϰ Present form āĻāϰ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে to āĻŦāϏাāχ āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ় Infinitive Verb  āϝেāĻŽāύ:
• He told me to come early.
• I want to give you some money.


2) Participle āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে:

āϝে Verb āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•োāύ Be Verb āĻŦা Helping verb āĻŦা Auxiliary Verb āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ় āύা, āĻ…āĻĨāϚ āφāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻšāϜেāχ āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ Verb āĻāϰ āϰূāĻĒ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰি, āĻ āϧāϰāύেāϰ Verb āĻ•ে  Participle āĻŦāϞে। āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে Participle   Verb āĻāĻŦং Adjective āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻĨাāĻ•ে।


Participle āĻ•ে āϤিāύ āĻ­াāĻ—ে āĻ­াāĻ— āĻ•āϰা āϝাāϝ়। āϝāĻĨা:
1. Present Participle. āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰা Verb āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰে āϤāĻ–āύ Present Participle āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
• I saw a barking dog on this street last night.
• The girl came to me laughing.


2. Past Participle. āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰা verb āĻāϰ past participle form āĻŦāϏাāχ āϤāĻ–āύāχ āĻāϟা Past Participle āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ: taken, written, done…etc)
āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻāϰ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ:
• The poor boy ate a rotten mango.
• Polluted water causes many diseases.


3. Perfect Participle. āϝāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽāϰা Having āĻāϰāĻĒāϰ Verb āĻāϰ Past Participle āĻŦāϏাāχ āϤāĻ–āύ āĻāϰ āύাāĻŽ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ় Perfect Participle.
āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻāϰ āωāĻĻাāĻšāϰāĻŖ:
• Having paid the bill, he went out of the restaurant.
• Having passed English honours, he joined a foreign company.


3) Gerund āĻ•াāĻ•ে āĻŦāϞে:

Gerund āĻāϰ āϝāĻĻি āĻŦাংāϞা āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻ•āϰি āϤাāĻšāϞে āϤাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻĻাঁāĻĄ়াāϝ় āĻ•্āϰিāϝ়াāĻŦাāϚāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļেāώ্āϝāĻĒāĻĻ । āφāĻŽāϰা āϝāĻ–āύ Gerund āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰāϤে āϚাāχ, āϤāĻ–āύ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•োāύ Be Verb āĻŦা Auxiliary Verb āĻāϰ āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝ āύিāϤে āĻšāϝ় āύা। āĻāϟি āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻŦāϏে āĻŦাāĻ•্āϝে āĻŽāϧ্āϝāϏ্āϤ Noun āĻāĻŦং Verb āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āĻ•িāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ় āϤা āĻ–ুāĻŦāχ āϏāĻšāϜ। Verb āĻāϰ āϏাāĻĨে ing āϝোāĻ— āĻ•āϰāϞেāχ Gerund āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϝ়ে āϝাāϝ়। āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž verb + ing  āĻ•āϰে Gerund āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϝ়। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĢাংāĻļāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āϟিāϏিāĻĒāϞ āĻāϰ āĻŽāϤ āύা। āϤাāϰা āĻšāϝ় āϏেāύ্āϟেāύ্āϏ āϏাāĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻŦা āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž Noun āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে। āϝেāĻŽāύ:
• Walking is a good exercise.
• I like playing cricket.
• Stop smoking.


āĻāĻ–াāύে āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻ•িং āϏাāĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻĒ্āϞেāϝ়িং āĻ•্āϰিāĻ•েāϟ āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āϏ্āĻŽোāĻ•িং āĻ…āĻŦāϜেāĻ•্āϟ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে। āĻāĻ–āύ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝ āĻ•āϰুāύ:


āĻāĻ–āύ āĻĻেāĻ–া āϝাāĻ• Present Participle āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•ি āĻŽিāϞ āĻāĻŦং āĻ•ি āĻ…āĻŽিāϞ āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে। Present Participle āĻāĻŦং Gerund āωāĻ­āϝ়েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝেāϏāĻ•āϞ  āĻŽিāϞ āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে āϤা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒ:
✓ āωāĻ­āϝ়‌āχ Verb āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāϤ্āϤি āĻšāϝ়।
✓ āωāĻ­āϝ়āĻ•েāχ Double part of speech āĻŦāϞা āĻšāϝ়।
Present Participle āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•িāĻ•ি āĻ…āĻŽিāϞ āϰāϝ়েāĻ›ে āϤা āύিāĻŽ্āύāϰূāĻĒ:
✓ Present Participle āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ Adjective āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং Gerund āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ Noun āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে।
✓ Gerund āϝāĻ–āύ āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ Noun āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āϤāĻ–āύ āϤাāĻ•ে āφāĻŽāϰা Verbal Noun āĻŦāϞি। āϝেāĻŽāύ: The reading of, The  of āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি।


Video Difference between gerund and participle

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